The connection between the 'Templars' and 'Freemasonry'

This Blog has been receiving numerous page visits via the search keywords 'Breivik, Templar Freemason,' and it has also received the following, anonymous question (which deserves a response):

Q. 'According to Wikipedia: at the time of the attacks Anders Breivik was a member of the Lodge of St. Olaf at the Three Columns in Oslo and had displayed photographs of himself in partial Masonic regalia on his Facebook profile. In interviews after the attacks, his lodge stated they had only minimal contact with him, and that when made aware of Breivik's membership, Grand master of the Norwegian Order of Freemasons, Ivar A. Skaar, issued an edict immediately excluding him from the fraternity based upon the acts he carried out and the values that appear to have motivated them. According to the Lodge records, Breivik took part in a total of four meetings between his initiation in February 2007 and his exclusion from the order – one each to receive the first, second and third degree, and one other meeting. The Grand Master of the Norwegian Order of Freemasonry points out that while he was a member of the Order his actions show that Breivik is in no way a Mason. His manifesto said that he took three degrees of Freemasonry and commended them as "keepers of cultural heritage" while also criticising it for being “not in any way political.”  The Norwegian Order of Freemasons said that during the four and a half years he was a member he only took part in four meetings and held no offices or functions within the Lodge.

Breivik might be lying about being a Templar, but he was a Freemason. What is the connection between the Templars and Freemasonry and do you consider Freemasonry to be a cult?' 

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The leaders of the traditional 'fraternal, secret society' known as the ‘Free and Accepted Masons,’ or 'Freemasons,' have promoted the concepts of religious tolerance, democracy and respect for the rule of law. In fact, the movement has played a significant role in history (particularly, during the American, and French, revolutions, when it was a secret forum for debate). The founding, democratic values of the (current) 5th French Republic are embodied in the originally-'Masonic' slogan 'Liberty, Fraternity, Egality,' and the American dollar bill carries the 'Masonic' symbols of a pyramid and an all-seeing eye. The original signatories of the American ‘Declaration of Independence' were all white male Protestants or 'Deists' (i.e. 'persons believing in the existence of a supreme being arising from reason rather than revelation'). The overwhelming majority were also 'Freemasons.' 

That said, 'Freemasonry' is a self-perpetuating, non-rational, esoteric, ritual belief system, based on an essentially-fictional, closed-logic narrative, presented as fact using a constant repetition of reality-inverting key-words and images combined with pseudo-scientific mystification. Unfortunately, like all non-rational belief systems, in the wrong hands, 'Freemasonry' can be easily perverted for the purpose of human exploitation. Indeed, in certain countries (like Italy), a form of major organized-crime linked to so-called 'Black Masonic Lodges,' has been identified and (in theory) outlawed. It is also interesting to note that, although 'Freemasons' were high on the list of Adolf Hitler's imagined enemies, and were persecuted by the 'Nazi' regime, the 'Nazi Party' itself evolved out of the unification of various perverted secret societies. 

Possibly the simplest way to describe 'Freemasonry' is to say that, internally, it exhibits the essential identifying characteristics of a traditional, dualistic religion, but externally the movement has been presented using non-religious terminology. Interestingly, the organization insists that it is not a religion, and 'Freemasons' now tend to make the nonsensical claim to be the members of 'society with secrets: rather than a secret society.' 

In order to understand what is the connection between 'Freemasonry' and the 'Templars,' first of all you have to know who were the 'Templars.'

(Whilst reading the following brief explanation, bear in mind that it contains only a tiny fraction of the intellectually, and emotionally, overwhelming comic-book story which Anders Breivik has retrieved from the Net. and stuffed his puerile mind with).

In 1099 AD, after the so-called ‘First Crusade’ and the capture of Jerusalem by a combined European army, many of the city's inhabitants (possibly up to 70 000) were massacred. A bloodthirsty eyewitness, Raymond of Agiles, wrote:

'wonderful things were to be seen. Numbers of the Saracens were beheaded ... others were shot with arrows, or forced to jump from the towers... others were tortured for several days and then burned in flames. In the streets were seen piles of heads and hands and feet. One rode about everywhere amid the corpses of men and horses. Yet these were small matters compared to what happened at the Temple of Solomon. . . in the temple and the porch of Solomon, men rode in blood up to their knees and bridle reins. ' 

For obvious reasons, bands, or 'Orders,' of Christian soldier/monks were then needed to offer 'protection' to the many European pilgrims flocking to visit the ‘Holy Land.'

 'L'Ordre des Chevaliers de la milice du Temple' a.k.a. 'Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon' a.k.a. the ‘Militia of Christ’ a.k.a. the ‘Order of Templars,’ was originally a band of 9 French knights led by Hugues de Payens. They acquired their name when, in 1118, the 'Christian King of Jerusalem,' Baudouin II ('du Bourg'), gave them quarters on the site of the Temple of Solomon (in Arab legend, Solomon is the ‘Prince of Genies'). Self-evidently, at this time, transporting, and/or guiding, and/or guarding rich and vulnerable Christian travellers in such a hostile land, must have been a very lucrative enterprise. However, there is no evidence that Hugues de Payens and his associates ever did this. The job was left to other Orders: the ‘Knights Hospitaller of St. John'(1113); the ‘Teutonic Knights' (1128); etc. The 'Templars' merely kept to a quarter of Jerusalem around the Temple mount and their activities were secret. Naturally, rumours about what these mysterious Knights were actually doing, were rife. Some people said that they had discovered a fabulous ancient treasure buried under the remains of 'Solomon's Temple,' whilst others believed that they had found the 'Holy Grail' and could work miracles. As a result of these rumours, the Order began to grow, and within 30 years, the 'Templars' numbered around 700 Knights and 2400 retainers in Jerusalem.

'Templar' rules were instituted in 1128 by (Saint) Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153). 'Templars' wore white hooded robes with a flared red cross. Externally, the Order was affiliated to the ‘Roman Catholic Church’ and answered to the authority of the 'Pope,' but it has been widely-accepted that, internally, the Order's real supreme commander, who called himself the ‘Grand Master of the Temple,' claimed to have found and decoded an ancient Egyptian, magical/geometric symbol inscribed on the fabric of Solomon's Temple by its architect, King Hiram of Tyre, which gave him exclusive access to a special knowledge derived from the ‘Supreme Architect of the Universe.' Indeed, various historians have examined the evidence and formed the opinion that the clandestine mission of the 9 'Templar' knights was to retrieve relics and manuscripts containing the secret traditions of Judaism and of ancient Egypt. Thus, the Order's founders, and their successors, were all brought up as 'Christians,' but their real beliefs were not strictly 'Christian.' They almost certainly adopted 'Black Magic' rituals, rites and sermons which were common at the time. There is a strong consensus among historians that these practises derived from the 'Cabala.'

'Cabala' literally means 'oral tradition.' It is an esoteric branch of 'mystical Judaism,' The 'Cabala' is also a school that allegedly researches the secret, hidden meanings of the Torah, or first five 'Books of Moses,' and other ancient Jewish texts. However, the 'Cabala' precedes the 'Torah.' In accurate, deconstructed terms, the 'Cabala' is merely the thought-stopping, pseudo-scientific label for a collection of thought-stopping, pseudo-scientific hocus-pocus. 

The 'Templars' suicidal valour, and unquestioning obedience, in battle, soon became legendary. They apparently saw themselves as morally, physically and intellectually superior, not only to their enemies, but also to their allies. 'Templars' were inflexible fanatics, evidently conditioned to believe that they alone represented a force of purity and absolute righteousness derived from their Grand Master's access to a superhuman knowledge, and that progressive initiation into this knowledge, combined with unconditional deference to their 'Grand Master,' would defeat the impure forces of absolute evil and lead to exclusive, future redemption in Paradise. 

In total, there were 23 'Grand Masters of the Temple.' A few retired, but many were killed in battle. Replacements were chosen by an 'electoral' system similar to that used to appoint the Doge of Venice. A group of the highest 'Templar' initiates chose a provisional 'Grand Master' whilst an 'electoral' college (drawn from the Order's international 'chapters') was formed. Eventually, after various rounds of secret voting, the next 'Grand Master' emerged. 

'Templar' initiates occupied ranks in a hierarchy of command. They swore oaths of Secrecy, Celibacy and Poverty. The group was 'Sacred', non-initiates were 'Profane' (Latin pro, before or outside, fanum, the temple). Despite the façade of 'piety and poverty,' the Order began to attract the sons of wealthy families from Christendom and even converts from the Moslem world. 'Donations' poured in. The 'Grand Masters' collaborated with Venetian merchants and tax-free enterprises were developed in shipping, banking, etc. 

Travel was extremely dangerous in the 12th century. Transporting money, as well as valuable commodities, was particularly risky. The 'Templars' made a fortune by means of an elementary system of banking. When a traveller wanted to go from one land to another, first he would go to the 'Templars' in his homeland with his money. In return, he was given a receipt with a coded message. On arrival at his destination, the traveller could redeem his receipt for the money he'd paid, minus a fee and interest.

The 'Templar' leaders had a monopoly on this style of banking. They became so wealthy that they began to finance European monarchs. Although lending money for interest was deemed usury, and was supposedly a forbidden activity for Christians, the 'Templars' were effectively above the law. Eventually, an infrastructure of thousands of bases, from Scandinavia to the ‘Holy Land', was built and the organization ran its own parallel system of justice. By the mid-12th century, 'Templars' occupied immense 'Priories' close to Paris and London and their power was comparable to that of most European monarchs. In 1191, the 'Grand Master' had access to sufficient gold to buy the entire island of Cyprus from Richard I of England. However, when the Moslems retook the ‘Holy Land' in 1192, all Christian militias were gradually forced to abandon their forward strongholds and withdraw back to their European bases, becoming elite troops defending 'Christendom' from the threat of Moslem invasion - another very lucrative enterprise. It is estimated that by the 13th century, the 'Templars' numbered 160,000, of whom 20,000 were knights

At the end of the 12th century, rumours about the ‘Templars’ being heretics and usurers, secretly in league with Moslems, Jews and the Devil, had already begun to appear, but the organization remained far too powerful to be challenged. During the 13th century, the curious 'Templar' badge (two knights on a single horse) came to be widely-seen as a coded sign of homosexuality. Finally, it became an open secret that the 'Templar's' were actually the complete opposite of what they steadfastly pretended to be. From 1307, 'Templars' were persecuted by King Phillipe IV ('le Bel') of France, on the advice of Guillaume Nogaret (a professor of Law). The Order's tax-free status was withdrawn in France, and similar measures were taken in various other countries. However, in 1310, more than 600 'Templar'  Knights were suddenly arrested all over France and charged with the following 9 crimes:

1. During initiation ceremonies, new 'Templars' were required to deny Christ, God, the Virgin or the Saints on the command of those receiving them.

2. 'Templars' committed various sacrilegious acts either on the cross or on an image of Christ.

3. Higher 'Templar' initiates practised obscene kisses on new entrants, on the mouth, navel or buttocks.

4. Priests of the Order did not consecrate the host, and  'Templars' did not believe in the sacraments.

5. 'Templars' practised idol worship of a cat or a head.

6. 'Templars' encouraged and permitted the practise of sodomy.

7.  'Grand Master,' or other high initiates, absolved their brother 'Templars' from their sins.

8. 'Templars' held their initiation ceremonies and chapter meetings in secret and at night.

9. Templars' abused the duties of charity and hospitality and used unlawful means to acquire property and increase their wealth.

Under torture, almost all the 'Templars' confessed that:

 - they did not believe in Jesus, whom they held to be 'a false prophet'

- they had committed acts of homosexuality during the initiation and afterwards

- they worshipped idols and practised Satanism. 

The court records show that the majority of 'Templars' who confessed were imprisoned. However, 54 'Templar Masters' were burned alive. The Pope personally interrogated 72 of the guilty 'Templar' Knights. They were asked to swear an oath to tell the truth, before confirming that their previous confessions had been valid. They then knelt down before the Pope and asked him for forgiveness. Only after this extraordinary humiliation, was the Order dissolved in 1312, (apparently) on the command of Pope Clement V. Seized 'Templar' property was given to the ‘Knights Hospitaller.’ The last 'Grand Master of the Temple', Jaques de Molay, was sentenced to imprisonment, but then he retracted his confession, and he was burned alive as a ‘heretic’ in 1314. 

After dissolution, the 'Templars' were so rich, numerous and widespread that it was effectively impossible to eradicate the organization and seize all its assets. In fear of their lives, many 'Templars' went underground. Significant numbers fled continental Europe and found refuge in Scotland. This was the only kingdom in 14th century Europe that didn't recognize the authority of the Pope. Under the protection of Robert the Bruce, 'Templars' continued to operate in secret, camouflaged as trade guild's. Outside of government and the Church, these were the most-influential organizations of the time. The 'Templars' had been heavily-involved in the extraordinary project of the Roman Catholic Church, to design and construct cathedrals all over Europe, and, to this end, trade guilds had been instigated, controlled and protected by the Order. It is known that many 'Templars' escaped to Scotland disguised as tradesmen and by travelling with them. During the great period of Medieval cathedral construction, skilled masons and carpenters became an international fraternity who had the right of free-passage across borders. 

Quarters of Paris and London are still known as the ‘Temple.' Belief in the myth of ‘lost Templar treasure, including the Holy-Grail,' persists.

(I would recommend anyone wanting to read more about the 'Templars,' to go to this Site: http://www.the-orb.net/encyclop/religion/monastic/milindex.html ).

By process of deduction, it has been assumed that 'Freemasonry' evolved from medieval trade guilds of stonemasons and carpenters, responsible for the construction of Cathedrals in Britain, but the first evidence of  'Freemasonry' as a 'secret society,' appeared in Scotland in the early 17th century. The earliest known text which can be directly linked to the 'Masonic secret society' rather than to the actual craft of masonry, or to the mathematical science of geometry, is James Anderson's 'Masonic Rules.' This was published in 1723. Although the inspiration for the symbology of 'Freemasonry' probably came from mysterious, geometric inscriptions on churches built for 'Templars' in Scotland, the origins of the 'secret' at the heart of the organization are not that difficult to deduce. Core-adherents of 'Freemasonry' are the product of co-ordinated, devious techniques of social, psychological and physical persuasion designed to shut down their critical, and evaluative, faculties and convince them that their leadership has exclusive access to a super-human knowledge derived from the Great/Supreme Architect of the Universe, via ancient Egypt and Euclidean geometry. Initiates are arbitrarily categorized as the ‘Sacred', and non-initiates as the ‘Profane'. Belief in the self-gratifying 'Masonic' myth spread throughout Europe, and then all over the globe with the British Empire. Although its adherents currently number several millions, 'Freemasonry' is generally in decline. It is still most popular in the USA where allied social groups (dedicated to charitable work and with no official standing) also developed. In practise, in Britain and the USA, the official membership has been drawn mainly from amongst white, male Anglo-Saxon Protestants, but 'Freemasonry' is fundamentally 'Deist' and, therefore, in theory, is open to anyone.

In Catholic France, 'Freemasonry' was influenced by 'Rosicrucianism' and since the 19th century, the requirements of francophone 'Freemasons'  have been slightly different to those of their anglophone counterparts.

Officially (outside of France), 'Freemasonry' has been perpetuated by initiating 'free-born, sane, adult males of good moral standing, who already believe in the existence of one supreme being and in the immortality of the human soul.' Recruitment has worked solely by invitation (through personal relationships) into a wheel of (apparently autonomous) sub-groups. In reality, these are unified by the same narrative. The sub-groups operate in geographically-defined enclaves. 'Freemasonry' is a vast pyramid of humans, which itself comprises ever-smaller pyramids known as 'Orders', 'Lodges', etc. The movement can, therefore, also be described as a mind-numbing game of construction played to strict, geometric rules using human building-blocks. The alleged object of 'Freemasonry' is to climb through its hierarchical levels in a system of 'obedience', and through parallel levels of 'initiation' in a system of 'outer and inner hermetic circles of secret knowledge'. Adherents are graded by 'degrees' - 'Entered Apprentices, Fellows of the Craft, and Master Masons' - which themselves are also graded by 'degrees'. These can number as many as 1000 in certain 'Lodges', but 33 is the traditional number. At the top of the pyramid, is a tiny minority of elite initiates known as 'Grand Masters' whose beliefs and behaviour are to be duplicated. Their 'ultimate, secret knowledge', derived from the ‘Great/Supreme Architect of the Universe,’ must not be written down or passed to the uninitiated. 

Thus, classically of an non-rational, esoteric, ritual belief system, the further an initiate progresses into the mental labyrinth of 'Freemasonry': the more absurd, mystifying and ultimately incomprehensible the closed-logic scenario overwhelming the critical and evaluative faculties of the core- adherents of the organization, becomes. Indeed, it is a very revealing exercise to ask a committed 'Freemason' to explain his activities using only accurate, deconstructed language.

The following, thought stopping, anonymous statement was recently sent to this Blog (presumeably, by a 'Freemason'):

'Freemasonry is a society of men concerned with moral and spiritual values. Its members are taught its precepts by a series of ritual dramas which follow ancient forms and use stonemasons customs and tools as allegorical guides. The fundamental ritual consists of a drama of building King Solomon's Temple and the fate of its master architect. Using this allegory, moral lessons are taught. Since the story concerns building of a temple, Masonic rituals are replete with tools of masons, like level, plumb rule, square, compasses and so on.'

From its beginning, 'Freemasonry' has been frowned-on by the leaders of traditional religions and banned in many countries. It is not difficult to see why so many observers have ridiculed, and/or feared, the organization. Mystifying 'secret' rituals are performed in a 'Temple', within a 'Temple', within a 'Temple' (i.e. a building, containing a locked-room, containing an arrangement of 3 columns set facing to the East on a 'mosaic' of black and white squares resembling a chess board). The innermost 'Temple' is lit by candles surveyed by a ritual image of an 'all-seeing eye' and bordered by a rope tied in a symbolic knot. During rituals, adherents wear ceremonial aprons, gloves and sashes, and they carry ceremonial swords or building tools. Adherents are obliged to visualise themselves not as individuals, but as rough-hewn stones being crafted into the regular building-blocks of one universal Temple. Outside the 'Temple', 'Freemasons' recognise one another by the use of 'secret' words and physical salutations; they also wear badges and rings (often decorated with the symbol of a pair of compasses and set-square) etc. 

The capital letter 'G,' which invariably appears in 'Masonic' symbology, stands for both 'Geometry' and the  'Great Architect of the Universe,' but it is no coincidence that 'G' also stands for 'God.' Like any traditional religion, 'Freemasonry' operates its own system of justice, and 'being cast out of the Temple' (excommunication) is the highest penalty for any initiate whom the leadership judge to have broken the rules of the group.

David Brear (copyright 2012)